수해 예방을 위한

산악지 도로 설계 매뉴얼

2007. 7

건 설 교 통 부

 

매뉴얼 제정에 따른 경과조치

이 매뉴얼은 2007년 7월부터 적용하며, 제정 시점에서 이미

시행중에 있는 설계 용역이나 건설공사에 대해서는 발주기관

의 장이 필요하다고 인정하는 경우에는 적용할 수 있습니다.

1

목 차

제 1 장 총 칙 1

1.1.목적 ·········································································································1

1.2 적용범위 ··································································································1

제 2 장 산악지 도로 3

2.1 산악지 도로 특성 ···················································································3

2.2 집중호우에 의한 산악지 도로 피해 유형 ··············································5

2.2.1 토석류 및 부유목 등에 의한 도로 피해 ·········································5

2.2.2 산지 하천의 침식 작용에 의한 도로 피해 ·····································6

2.2.3 횡단 배수시설의 통수 단면 부족에 의한 피해 ·······························7

2.2.4 산사태 및 비탈면 붕괴에 의한 도로피해 ·······································8

2.2.5 산악지 교량의 피해 ·······································································10

제 3 장 산악지 도로 계획 및 조사 13

3.1 일반사항 ································································································13

3.2 산악지 도로 계획 ·················································································14

3.2.1 산악지 도로 계획 기준 ··································································14

3.2.2 산악지 도로 계획의 고려사항 ·······················································14

3.2.3 산악지 도로계획 방법 ···································································16

2

3.2.4 산악지 도로의 계곡부 통과 방안 ··················································18

3.3 산악지 도로 조사 ·················································································20

3.3.1 산악지 지형 및 지반조사 ······························································20

3.3.2 산악지 수문 및 기상조사 ······························································21

3.3.3 비탈면 조사 ···················································································23

3.3.4 토석류 조사 ···················································································24

3.3.5 산악지 도로 배수시설 조사 ··························································25

3.3.6 생태계·위락·경관 조사 ······························································26

3.3.7 기존 도로 현황 조사 ·····································································26

3.3.8 토취장, 골재원, 재료원, 사토장 조사 ··········································27

제 4 장 산악지 도로 선형 29

4.1 일반사항 ·······························································································29

4.2 산악지 도로 선형 설계 기준 ································································31

4.2.1 산악지 도로 설계 속도 ··································································31

4.2.2 산악지 도로의 평면선형 ································································31

4.2.3 산악지 도로의 종단선형 ·······························································32

4.2.4 산악지 도로의 시거 ······································································32

4.3 산악지 도로 선형계획의 주요 고려사항 ··············································34

4.4 산악지 특성을 고려한 도로 선형계획 ·················································35

4.4.1 자연지형 조건을 고려한 선형계획 ················································35

4.4.2 환경적 조건을 고려한 선형계획 ···················································42

4.4.3 사회적 조건을 고려한 선형계획 ···················································43

4.4.4 산악지 종단 선형계획의 주요 원칙 ············································45

3

4.4.5 선형의 조합 ···················································································47

4.5 자연재해 요소를 고려한 선형 계획 ·····················································50

4.5.1 집중호우를 고려한 선형계획 ·························································50

4.5.2 붕괴지대를 고려한 선형계획 ·······················································53

4.5.3 안개를 고려한 선형계획 ································································56

4.5.4 적설지역을 고려한 선형계획 ·······················································58

4.5.5 결빙지역을 고려한 선형계획 ·······················································58

4.5.6 강풍을 고려한 선형계획 ······························································59

제 5 장 산악지 도로 비탈면 및 토석류 63

5.1 일반사항 ·······························································································63

5.2 지반조사 ·······························································································65

5.2.1 조사일반 ························································································65

5.2.2 비탈면의 불안정 요인을 갖는 지형·지질 조사 ···························68

5.3 비탈면 설계 ··························································································69

5.3.1 쌓기 비탈면 설계 ··········································································69

5.3.2 깎기 비탈면 설계 ··········································································72

5.3.3 산악지 도로 비탈면 배수 ······························································75

5.4 비탈면 안전대책 방안 ··········································································77

5.5 토석류 및 유송잡물 설계 ·····································································80

5.5.1 토석류 및 유송잡물의 정의 ···························································80

5.5.2 토석류 및 유송잡물 차단시설물의 계획 ·······································83

5.5.3 토석류 및 유송잡물 발생 조사 ···················································83

5.5.4 토석류 및 유송잡물 차단시설의 종류 ···········································86

4

5.5.5 차단시설 예정지 선정 ···································································89

5.5.6 차단시설의 결정 ············································································90

5.5.7 설치장소의 특성파악 ·····································································91

5.5.8 설치가능시설의 대안선정 ······························································93

5.5.9 최적 대안의 선정 ··········································································95

5.5.10 토석류 및 유송잡물 차단시설의 유지관리 ··································96

제 6 장 산악지 도로 배수 99

6.1 일반 사항 ······························································································99

6.2 도로배수시설의 구분 ············································································99

6.3 산악지 도로 배수시설의 계획 ····························································101

6.4 산악지 도로 배수시설 조사 ·······························································103

6.5 산악지 도로 배수 시설의 수리·수문 ················································104

6.5.1 산악지 도로 배수 시설의 설계빈도 ·············································104

6.5.2 설계홍수량 산정 ··········································································104

6.6 산악지 도로 배수 시설 설계 ······························································106

6.6.1 산악지 도로 노면배수시설 ···························································106

6.6.2 지하배수시설 ···············································································107

6.6.3 계곡 하천 수충부 시설 ································································109

6.6.4 산악지 도로의 횡단배수 시설 ······················································112

6.7 토석류를 고려한 산악지 도로 배수시설 설계 ····································114

6.7.1 일반사항 ·······················································································114

6.7.2 산악지 도로의 횡단 배수시설의 규격 검토 ·································114

6.7.3 토석류 규모 산정 ········································································120

5

제 7 장 산악지 도로 교량 123

7.1 일반사항 ······························································································123

7.2 설계하중 ·····························································································126

7.2.1 하중의 종류 ··················································································126

7.2.2 하중의 설명 ·················································································127

7.3 산악지 도로 교량의 기본계획 ····························································132

7.3.1 산악지 도로 교량의 계획일반 ······················································132

7.3.2 산악지 도로의 교량길이 ······························································134

7.3.3 폭설지역의 다리 밑 공간 ····························································136

7.4 기타 ····································································································137

7.4.1 제빙염 살포의 영향을 받는 교량대책 ·········································137

7.4.2 교량 세굴 대책 ············································································139

제 8 장 산악지 도로 터널 141

8.1 일반 사항 ····························································································141

8.2 산악지 도로 터널 평면선형 계획 ·······················································142

8.3 배수 설계 ····························································································145

8.4 갱구부 설계 ························································································147

8.5 피암터널 설계 ·····················································································151

참고문헌 ····································································································153

산악지 도로 설계 주요 체크리스트 ··························································157

 

7

< 표 차 례 >

<표 3.2.1> 산악지 도로의 노선계획 선정시 주요 고려사항 ······················15

<표 3.3.1> 산악지 도로 노선계획에 필요한 기상조사 ······························23

<표 3.3.2> 단계별 토석류 발생가능성 조사항목 ·······································25

<표 4.3.1> 산악지 도로 선형 계획시 제약요소 및 고려사항 ····················34

<표 5.2.1> 광역지반 조사 종류 및 내용 ···················································66

<표 5.2.2> 물리탐사 적용기준 ···································································66

<표 5.2.3> 시추조사 적용기준 ···································································67

<표 5.2.4> 불안정 요인을 갖는 지형․지질 조건의 조사 항목 ···················68

<표 5.3.1> 쌓기 비탈면 안정해석시 적용하는 기준안전율 ·······················70

<표 5.3.2> 비탈면 안정 해석 조건 및 고려사항 ·······································71

<표 5.3.3> 깎기 비탈면 안정 해석시 적용하는 기준 안전율 ····················72

<표 5.3.4> 깎기 비탈면 안정 해석 조건 ···················································73

<표 5.4.1> 비탈면 보호공 ··········································································78

<표 5.4.2> 비탈면 보강 공법 특성과 적용 예 ··········································79

<표 5.5.1> 토석류의 발생 형태(지형별 분석) ············································82

<표 5.5.2> 토석류 및 유송잡물 차단 시설별 비교 사례 ···························87

<표 5.5.3> 차단시설물의 선택 ···································································94

<표 5.5.4> 차단시설 설치방안 비교·검토 ················································95

<표 6.6.1> 쌓기부 도수로 설치 간격 ·······················································107

<표 6.6.2> 홍수시 일시적 세굴깊이 산정 ················································109

<표 6.7.1> 지하수위 이상에 있는 토석류의 단위 중량 ····························121

8

<표 6.7.2> 토질 상태별 전단 저항각 ·······················································122

<표 7.1.1> 산악지 도로 교량 계획 조건 ··················································125

<표 7.2.1> 설계 하중 규정 ·······································································126

<표 7.2.2> 지상 적설하중 ········································································128

<표 8.3.1> 산악지 도로 터널의 배수시설 결빙 방지시설 사례 ···············146

<표 8.4.1> 경사 갱문 시공사례 ································································149

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< 그 림 차 례 >

<그림 2.1.1> 산악지 도로 피해 유형 및 대책 개념도 ·································4

<그림 2.2.1> 토석류 및 부유목 등에 의한 도로 피해 사례 ························5

<그림 2.2.2> 산지하천 인접 도로 침식과 유실 피해 사례 ·························6

<그림 2.2.3> 횡단 배수시설의 피해 사례 ···················································7

<그림 2.2.4> 산사태 및 비탈면 붕괴 피해도 ··············································8

<그림 2.2.5> 깎기 비탈면의 낙석 및 표층 유실 피해 사례 ·······················9

<그림 2.2.6> 쌓기 비탈면 유실 및 노면수 유입 피해 사례 ·······················9

<그림 2.2.7> 산악 도로 하부 지반 침식에 의한 포장 피해 사례 ·············10

<그림 2.2.8> 산악지 교량의 피해 사례 ······················································11

<그림 3.2.1> 산악지 도로의 계획(안) ························································17

<그림 3.2.2> 산악지 도로의 계곡부 통과(안) ············································19

<그림 4.1.1> 산악지 도로 선형 계획 흐름 ················································30

<그림 4.2.1> 설계속도 및 설계구간 적용 개요도 ·····································33

<그림 4.4.1> 자연지형 조건을 고려한 선형 계획 ·····································35

<그림 4.4.2> 터널을 고려해야 할 지역 ·····················································36

<그림 4.4.3> 선형분리를 통한 대규모 비탈면 발생 최소화 ·····················37

<그림 4.4.4> 산마루 및 계곡부 선형계획시 고려사항 ······························38

<그림 4.4.5> 대규모 비탈면 발생 최소화를 위한 터널화(안) ···················39

<그림 4.4.6> 급경사 구간 과도한 한쪽 쌓기 발생구간 설계(안) ·············39

<그림 4.4.7> 하천통과, 근접구간 비탈면 보호 적용 방법 및 피해 예상 지역 ··40

<그림 4.4.8> 산마루 구간 통과 사례 ························································41

10

<그림 4.4.9> 우회 및 터널설치를 통한 자연환경 훼손 최소화 ················42

<그림 4.4.10> 환경적 조건을 고려한 선형계획 ········································42

<그림 4.4.11> 사회적 조건을 고려한 선형계획 ·········································43

<그림 4.4.12> 내부경관과 외부경관 ··························································44

<그림 4.4.13> 경관설계시 고려할 주요 경관요소 ·····································44

<그림 4.4.14> 마을경관 변화를 최소화한 선형 설계 ································45

<그림 4.4.15> 산악지 종단계획 설계 ························································45

<그림 4.4.16> 지형을 고려한 선형분리 계획 ············································46

<그림 4.4.17> 산악지 도로 분리선형 건설 사례 ·······································47

<그림 4.4.18> 경관을 고려한 다양한 선형계획 ·········································48

<그림 4.4.19> 산림 통과구간의 경관을 고려한 선형계획 ·························49

<그림 4.5.1> 자연 재해 요소를 고려한 선형 계획 ····································50

<그림 4.5.2> 토석류 및 유송잡물 피해예방을 위한 선형계획 ··················52

<그림 4.5.3> 붕괴를 고려한 선형 계획 ·····················································53

<그림 4.5.4> 단층에 의한 비탈면 활동 사례 ············································54

<그림 4.5.5> 도로의 시인성을 높이기 위한 안전시설물 ···························57

<그림 4.5.6> 도로의 시인성을 높이기 위한 안전시설물 설치사례 ···········57

<그림 4.5.7> 고도에 따른 풍속 분포 ·························································61

<그림 4.5.8> 바람이 모아지는 계곡에서의 풍속 분포 ······························61

<그림 5.1.1> 산악지 도로 비탈면 설계 흐름도 ·········································64

<그림 5.2.1> 지반조사 단계별 흐름도 ·······················································65

<그림 5.3.1> 경사진 지반에서 쌓기 단면 ··················································69

<그림 5.3.2> 한쪽 깎기·한쪽 쌓기부 층따기와 배수처리 예 ··················70

<그림 5.3.3> 깎기 비탈면 현황도(Face Map) 작성예 ······························74

<그림 5.3.4> 비탈면 배수처리 사례 ··························································75

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<그림 5.3.5> 깎기 비탈면 상단 오목부 배수처리 사례 ····························76

<그림 5.3.6> 토석류 차단 시설과 횡단배수암거의 연계 처리 사례 ·········76

<그림 5.5.1> 토석류 위험구역 설정 사례 ··················································86

<그림 5.5.2> 토석류 차단시설 사례 ··························································89

<그림 5.5.3> 토석류 및 유송잡물 차단시설의 선정과정 ···························91

<그림 5.5.4> 도로주변의 토석류 차단시설 설치(안) ·································92

<그림 5.5.5> 토석류 및 유송잡물 차단시설 설치 사례 ····························94

<그림 6.2.1> 도로배수시설의 종류 ··························································100

<그림 6.2.2> 산악지도로 배수시설 구분 ·················································100

<그림 6.3.1> 산악지 도로배수시설 계획 흐름도 ······································102

<그림 6.4.1> 산악지 도로 배수시설 조사 절차 ·······································103

<그림 6.5.1> 산악지 도로 배수시설의 설계홍수량 산정 방법 ·················105

<그림 6.6.1> L형과 U형 측구 설치 예 ··················································106

<그림 6.6.2> 산악지 도로의 암거 설치 규격 ··········································108

<그림 6.6.3> 지표수 및 지하수 처리 방안 ··············································108

<그림 6.6.4> 산악지 도로의 하천 수충부 보강 방법 ······························110

<그림 6.6.5> 산악지 횡단배수 암거의 유속감쇄공 및 세굴방지시설 사례 ··111

<그림 6.6.6> 산악지 도로의 횡단배수시설 설계계획 및 고려사항 ··········112

<그림 6.7.1> 횡단배수 암거의 흐름 제원 ·················································117

<그림 7.1.1> 산악지 도로 교량 계획시 위험요소 지역을 피해야할 경우 123

<그림 7.1.2> 산악지 도로 교량 계획 및 설계흐름 ··································124

<그림 7.2.1> 유송잡물의 집적되는 단면형상과 유수압의 작용 모형 ······130

<그림 7.2.2> 일반 교량의 경간 길이 ·······················································131

<그림 7.2.3> 사교의 경간 길이 ································································131

<그림 7.3.1> 한계령 배수시설 피해현황 ··················································133

12

<그림 7.3.2> 산악지 도로 교량 길이 ·······················································135

<그림 7.3.3> 폭설지역의 다리 밑 공간 ···················································136

<그림 7.4.1> 제빙염 살포의 영향 범위 ····················································137

<그림 7.4.2> 제빙염 살포의 영향을 받는 교량의 교각 ···························138

<그림 8.2.1> 산악지 터널 갱구주변의 위험 요소를 대비한 방호 대책 사례 ··142

<그림 8.2.2> 산악지 도로 곡선 터널내 시거확보 폭 ······························143

<그림 8.2.3> 공동구 높이와 정지시거의 관계 ·········································144

<그림 8.4.1> 낙석, 토석류 등 위험 요소를 대비한 사례 ························148

<그림 8.4.2> 산악지 도로 터널의 갱구 형태 ··········································148

<그림 8.4.3> 국내 경사갱문 설계사례 ·····················································150

<그림 8.5.1> 피암터널 설계 방안 ····························································152

<그림 8.5.2> 피암터널 형식 사례 ····························································152